2011      2010  
      Accumulat      Accumulated  
      depreciation     depreciation  
      and      and  
      impairmen  Carrying    impairment Carrying
    Cost  charges  amount  Cost charges amount
    R’000  R’000  R’000  R’000 R’000 R’000

2.

Property, plant and equipment 

            
  At year-end              
  Mining assets              
  Mineral and prospecting rights 435 758 136 577 299 181 432 476 111 071 321 405
  Land, buildings and mine properties 812 895 134 595 678 300 635 494 111 893 523 601
  Plant and equipment 6 463 787 1 284 513 5 179 274 5 143 715 1 073 726 4 069 989
  Prospecting, exploration, mine development and decommissioning assets 1 257 775 337 628 920 147 1 026 865 306 143 720 722
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 1 242 308 527 579 714 729 911 885 374 029 537 856
  Leased assets capitalised 25 614 23 664 1 950 26 247 20 574 5 673
  Capital work in progress 54 198 – 54 198 37 308 – 37 308
    10 292 335 2 444 556 7 847 779 8 213 990 1 997 436 6 216 554
  Other assets             
  Land and buildings 6 403 – 6 403 18 442 782 17 660
  Industrial property 19 151 12 506 6 645 24 829 13 546 11 283
  Plant and equipment 149 271 101 901 47 370 152 607 98 372 54 235
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 66 674 24 258 42 416 60 682 16 611 44 071
  Capital work in progress 12 042 – 12 042 791 – 791
    253 541 138 665 114 876 257 351 129 311 128 040
    10 545 876 2 583 221 7 962 655 8 471 341 2 126 747 6 344 594
 

Exchange differences
Exchange gains arising on the translation at year-end of the property, plant and equipment of a foreign subsidiary amounted to R11 821 (2010: R11 714).

Leased assets
Vehicles with a carrying amount of R1,9 million (2010: R5,7 million) are encumbered as security for the finance lease agreements referred to in note 13.

Capital work-in-progress
Included in mine development, plant and equipment and capital work in progress above, are assets with a carrying amount of R1 930,5 million (2010: R1 802,1 million) which relate to projects in progress from which no revenue is currently derived.

Impairment of assets
Following the impairment of the synthetic diamond operation in the previous year, Xertech, management ceased its operations subsequent to the evaluation of various options to establish an alternative sustainable basis for its continued operation. To date, no suitable mechanisms have been identified to exit the synthetic diamond business. Accordingly, up to and including the previous financial year, Xertech’s assets were impaired by R75,8 million (2010: R75,8 million) on the basis of its fair value less costs to sell. The values have been determined with reference to equivalent values attainable in the respective active markets for assets concerned. Management continue to pursue suitable disposal options.
   
    Opening carrying amount Acquisitions Disposals Reclassifications Current depreciation and impairment charges Closing carrying amount
    R’000 R’000 R’000 R’000 R'000 R’000
  Movement for the year – 2011             
  Mining assets             
  Mineral and prospecting rights 321 405  –  –  2 685  (24 909)  299 181 
  Land, buildings and mine properties 523 601  148 825  (133)  29 923  (23 916)  678 300 
  Plant and equipment 4 069 989  1 490 071  (13 825)  (72 797)  (294 164)  5 179 274 
  Prospecting, exploration, mine development and decommissioning assets 720 722  230 128  (3 276)  6 299  (33 725)  920 147 
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 537 856  293 240  (18 482)  51 018  (148 903)  714 729 
  Leased assets capitalised 5 673  –  (633)  –  (3 090)  1 950 
  Capital work in progress 37 308  22 627  –  (5 737)  –  54 198 
    6 216 554  2 184 891  (36 349)  11 391  (528 707)  7 847 779 
  Other assets             
  Land and buildings 17 660  –  –  (11 257)  –  6 403 
  Industrial property 11 283  –  –  (4 404)  (234)  6 645 
  Plant and equipment 54 235  28  –  1 832  (8 725)  47 370 
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 44 071  5 379  (1 026)  2 940  (8 947)  42 416 
  Capital work in progress 791  11 752  (1)  (502)  –  12 042 
    128 040  17 159  (1 027)  (11 391)  (17 906)  114 876 
    6 344 594  2 202 050  (37 376)  –  (546 613)  7 962 655 
  Movement for the year – 2010             
  Mining assets             
  Mineral and prospecting rights 340 785 – – – (19 380) 321 405
  Land, buildings and mine properties 432 555 116 513 (190) 203 (25 480) 523 601
  Plant and equipment 2 928 960 1 315 409 (197) 98 899 (273 082) 4 069 989
  Prospecting, exploration, mine development and decommissioning assets 649 280 112 175 (10 457) – (30 276) 720 722
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 542 439 149 427 (14 665) 7 (139 352) 537 856
  Leased assets capitalised 11 140 – (1 256) – (4 211) 5 673
  Capital work in progress 107 238 47 750 (6 306) (111 374) – 37 308
    5 012 397 1 741 274 (33 071) (12 265) (491 781) 6 216 554
  Other assets             
  Land and buildings 10 975 – (15) 7 087 (387) 17 660
  Industrial property 11 846 121 – – (684) 11 283
  Plant and equipment 56 541 2 253 (109) 15 367 (19 817) 54 235
  Vehicles, furniture and office equipment 10 569 33 924 (900) 5 178 (4 700) 44 071
  Capital work in progress 16 357 279 (478) (15 367) – 791
    106 288 36 577 (1 502) 12 265 (25 588) 128 040
    5 118 685 1 777 851 (34 573) – (517 369) 6 344 594